The Elaine massacre occurred on September 30-October 2, 1919 at Hoop Spur in the vicinity of Elaine in rural Phillips County, Arkansas. Give a donation in someones name to mark a special occasion, honor a friend or colleague or remember a beloved family member. Paul Hall was one of the twelve men who were slated to be electrocuted, and I believe he was my relative. After troops arrived in Elaine on the morning of October 2, 1919, the white mobs began to depart the area and return to their homes. 5. Two white members of the Phillips County posse, T. K. Jones and H. F. Smiddy, stated in sworn affidavits in 1921 that they committed acts of torture at the Phillips County jail and named others who had also participated in the torture. Rate and review titles you borrow and share your opinions on them. They aimed to hire a lawyer to represent them with the landlords. Stockley, Grif, and Jeannie M. Whayne. The Malco theater in Helena has served as both a place to see a movie and as a movie location in Arkansas. But World War I brought changes to the Delta, as it did in Northern urban centers. As of the 2000 census, this portion of the city population was 6,323. Omissions? Online at https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2544/ (accessed November 9, 2022). In the interim, Jones had secured the release of the other Elaine defendants. The county was named for Sylvanus Phillips, and the settlement was renamed (1821) for his daughter. Helena, AR 72342 Phone: (870) 338-5555 Phillips County Criminal Records Phillips County records their criminal activity in the form of criminal records. [64] The advance up the hill had also thrown the Confederates into disarray. Elaine Race Massacre: Red Summer in Arkansas. Their initial task was to appeal the sentences given to the Elaine Twelve and ask for a new trial based on errors committed by the trial court. The Confederates withdrew on July 4 of 1863. He began moving towards Jacksonport and met Major General Sterling Price and Brigadier General John S. Marmaduke on June 18. [24] The Union garrison would face the coming attack with 4,129 men. For the next year, it served as a command post for the Union since it was centrally located on the Mississippi River. The 1920 census lists my great-great-great-grandmother as a widow. Instead of pursuing a new hearing in federal court, in March 1923, Scipio Jones entered into negotiations to have the Moore defendants released. [68], Fagan's men resumed the attack upon hearing the fighting on Graveyard Hill, and drove the 43rd Indiana and part of the 33rd Iowa from the final Union line in front of Battery D, but were unable to take the Battery itself,[69] having been hit by crossfire while maneuvering through a ravine. [31], On July 3, Holmes, Price, Walker, Fagan, and Marmaduke gathered to formulate the plan of assault. Selecting a player's name will bring up his statistics page and selecting a column title (Birthplace, Debut Year, Final Year) will allow you to re-sort the data. On Oct. 7, Colonel Jencks declared the insurrection over and withdrew his troops. In a final act of disrespect, they tied her dress over her head and left her body on the side of the road for several days. Confederate infantry deserted in large numbers, their morale shattered. Improve this listing Full view All photos (4) Top ways to experience nearby attractions Memphis City Tour with Optional Riverboat Cruise & Sun Studio Add-On Options 438 Recommended Bus Tours from $40.00 per adult Marmaduke followed up the bombardment with an attack against Battery A, but fog that had concealed the advance dissipated and the attack was repulsed by the 29th Iowa, who mounted a counterattack. The Elaine Lynchings: A Visit to Elaine, Arkansas, 100 Years After She was able to go one way. Eliza Miller Junior High School and Central High School, the designated secondary schools, were in West Helena. Helena, AR Map & Directions - MapQuest Colonel Isaac Jenks, commander of the U.S. troops at Elaine, recorded the number of African Americans killed by U.S. troops as only two. The city was a Union supply depot during the American Civil War, and the Battle of Helena (July 4, 1863) was a futile attempt by the Confederates to capture it. Black sharecroppers were often exploited in their efforts to collect payment for their cotton crops. [93][94] The battle also destroyed any positive relationships remaining between Holmes and Price,[95] with the former believing that the latter should have reinforced Fagan. Rogers, O. Soon, word spread that blacks were attacking whites in Elaine. [12] On June 22, Holmes revised the plan, ordering Price to concentrate at a location known as Switzer's, instead of Cotton Plant. HELENA-WEST HELENA, Ark. He made an agreement with Price, who was much more popular with the general public, that he would publicly support the decision of the attack in the case of a failure. Pre-European Exploration, Prehistory through 1540, European Exploration and Settlement, 1541 through 1802, Louisiana Purchase through Early Statehood, 1803 through 1860, Civil War through Reconstruction, 1861 through 1874, Post-Reconstruction through the Gilded Age, 1875 through 1900, Early Twentieth Century, 1901 through 1940, World War II through the Faubus Era, 1941 through 1967, Divergent Prosperity and the Arc of Reform, 19682022, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2544/, http://history.msu.edu/files/2010/04/Mark-Ellis.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/18/a-rural-town-confronts-its-buried-history-of-mass-killings-of-black-americans, https://lynching.cnsmaryland.org/2021/11/14/two-narratives-how-a-1919-massacre-tore-elaine-ark-apart/, https://prospect.org/justice/arkansas-reparations-elaine-race-massacre/, https://www.facingsouth.org/2020/10/descendants-arkansas-elaine-massacre-victims-push-restorative-justice, https://arktimes.com/news/cover-stories/2019/08/02/to-those-known-and-unknown, https://www.npr.org/2022/12/11/1137090651/elaine-massacre-tulsa-race-riot, https://archive.org/details/TheArkansasRaceRiot. The findings blamed outside agitators for stirring up ignorant sharecroppers. Even at the age of seventy-nine, Murphy, a former Confederate officer and Arkansas attorney general, was considered one of the best trial attorneys in Arkansas. [1] The American Civil War began on April 12, when Confederate troops bombarded Fort Sumter. (Students Tapping Academic Resources for Success) Academy (alternative school), This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 19:58. Elaine was probably the largest massacre of black people in post-Civil War history, yet no federal investigation was ever conducted. [23] Prentiss originally dismissed rumors of a Confederate attack, but by late June gave more credence to the reports. Additional support provided by the Arkansas General Assembly. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Black people were thus blamed, sentenced and jailed for their own massacre. [44] Brooks' men became disorganized and did not reform until 8:00 am. All Rights Reserved.
Stephanie Gottlieb Parents,
Millennium Events Management Pyramid Scheme,
Jacquielawson ,com Membership Login,
James Tighe Barbara Rentler,
What Happened To Ben Campbell On Chicago Med,
Articles W