ALLPORT, GORDON WILLARD Leon Festinger. In his The Making of Psychology: Discussions with Creative Contributors. Festinger and his associates conducted a simple experiment to prove this point. Alternative view of the "Gibson normalization effect". Later Research Interests . QAnon, Cognitive Dissonance, and Facts | Psychology Today SEE ALSO Aronson, Elliot; Attitudes; Cognitive Dissonance; Lewin, Kurt; Social Comparison. Similarity in attitudes was also critical: attitudes of residents tended to converge, but residents who held deviant attitudes were likely to be social isolates. Leon Festinger: Biography & Cognitive Dissonance Theory Dissonance reduction frequently relies on rationalization or confirmation bias. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson. about their environment and their personalities. Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When Lewin died unexpectedly in 1947, Festinger became director of the center and focused his attention fully on social psychology. The couple had three childrenCatherine, Richard, and Kurt. Festinger, L. (1942a). . However, sometimes conflicting information cannot be fitted into a worldview and is not made congruent. It would not be until three years after completing his doctoral studies that Festinger immersed [himself] in the field [of social psychology] with all its difficulties, vaguenesses, and challenges (Festinger, 1980, p. 237). Brehm, J., & Festinger, L. (1957). But the more famous of the two real-world studies is Festingers covert study of a small millennialist group in Oak Park, Illinois, a study serving to lay the theoretical groundwork for cognitive dissonance. Festinger, L. (1943e). (1951). The inconsistency between what they typically do and what they were asked to promote triggered a state of dissonance which they were motivated to reduce. Ideas on balance and imbalance, or consonance and dissonance, marked the age and its preoccupations with homeostatic processes. social psych test 3 part Carl I. Hovland (19121961), American pioneer in communications research, began his career as an experimental psych, Wundt, Wilhelm Factors such as types of goals, need for social reality, attractiveness, issue relevance, and so on were manipulated. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988. Because the theory was stated in such simple, general terms, it could be applied to a wide variety of situations. Leon Festinger, (born May 8, 1919, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.died February 11, 1989, New York City), American cognitive psychologist, best known for his theory of cognitive dissonance, according to which inconsistency between thoughts, or between thoughts and actions, leads to discomfort (dissonance), which motivates changes in thoughts or behaviours. People living in nearby areas, who felt the shock but experienced no ill-effects, began spreading rumors that even worse disasters would come upon their villages. Studies in decision: I. Decision-time, relative frequency of judgment and subjective confidence as related to physical stimulus difference. Please select which sections you would like to print: Professor Emeritus, Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City. Aronson, Elliot, and J. M. Carlsmith. Groups faced with evidence that discon-firms their beliefs may find ways to use it to shore up those beliefs rather than disband previously held convictions. Hovland, Carl I. They were the ones who were in a state of cognitive dissonance. Festinger married Mary Oliver Ballou, a pianist, in 1942, and together they had three children: Richard, Kurt, and Catherine. Festinger, L. (1942b). 1. Festinger filtered Lewinian notions of life space, force fields, and tension in developing his theory of cognitive dissonance, influencing the larger shift-change in mid-twentieth-century U.S. psychology away from behaviorism, toward what some saw as a more imaginative side to human life (Gruber, Hammond, & Jessor, 1957).
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