Reference structure and example: Author Surname, Initials. (1) Often an act from a legislature is inserted into the official code at myriad places, making it impossible to view it as a whole. Ohio Rev. 35 ILCS 635/1 through 635/905 (West 2006). 107 (Year) - Unofficial United States Code Annotated, 17 U.S.C.S. Introduction to Sample Bluebook Citations, Citing Federal Legislative History Sources, https://libguides.niu.edu/law-sample-bluebook-citations. For secondary sources like law review articles and books, if you want to cite a source that you cited longer ago in your paper than the previous footnote, you can use supra. Therefore, the proper citation formatIF YOU ARE CITING TO A CODE IN PRINTis: For example, if you wanted to cite to a statute regarding the capital structure of federal home loan banks, the proper citations would be: Please note that the citations automatically generated by Lexis and Westlaw do not entirely follow theBluebookformat. (optional if citing to the current code - Bluebook R. 12.3.2). , After the I.R.C., leave a single space and enter the section symbol. Principle 1: The core of a citation to a codified federal statutory provision consists of three elements: Element (a) The title number followed by a space and U.S.C. (for United States Code) followed by a space e.g. 42 U.S.C. For more information on how to cite supplements, please seeBluebookRule 3.1(c). Additionally, for STATE CODES YOU MUST INCLUDE THE YEAR OF THE CODE. Massachusetts Administrative Procedure Act, Mass. or the U.S.C.S. It can also be found on the web. 30A 1-25 (2010). Any comments, suggestions, or requests to republish or adapt a guide should be submitted using the, https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/bluebook, WhatStatutes Are and Where They Are Published. Remember that when citing to an annotated code, cite only to the text of the statute, not to any of the annotations or other editorial enhancements. State Statutes (Laws) - How to Cite U.S - Cornell University However, the basic format of a statutorycitation is as follows: Rule 12(and Rule B12 in the Bluepages)governs how to cite statutes. Research Guides: Legal Reference Sources: Legal Citations If you use this feature, these numbers will be connected to the source that you're citing. All references to print book page number in this guide are from the 21st edition. If the case was cited more than five footnotes ago, you cannot use a short form; you have to cite the whole case again (as shown in footnote #14below). If you want them to be correct, you have to fix them. Providing an English-language translation of foreign-language article titles is permitted, but not necessary. If the statute has not yet been published in the U.S.C. In American legal writing, as opposed to that in many other countries, place the footnote number AFTERpunctuation marks, including periods, commas, quotations marks, etc. When a statute applies to numerous sections of the Code, and you wish to cite the Act as a whole, cite using the Public law number. This guide provides the basics for first year memorandums and upper class papers and journals. ), the official federal code, if available. 93, 1 (West, Westlaw through Chapter 113 of the 2020 2d Ann. 2022 by The University of Akron The University of Akron is an Equal Education and Employment Institution. ABBREVIATIONS & OMISSIONS USED IN CITATIONS. Separate section numbers with a comma. There is a statutory code containing federal statutes (enacted by Congress) and a statutory code for each state's statutes (enacted by the state legislature). Thus instead of 26 U.S.C. Then, either (a) access the. BluebookRule 12.2.1 requires that you cite to the official code of each stateif available. To make the symbol in Word, select Insert > Symbol, then select .
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